Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting over 6 million children in America. Characterized by difficulty focusing, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness, ADHD frequently continues from childhood into adulthood, causing impairment across major life domains. The good news is ADHD is highly manageable with evidence-based treatment. Medication is a cornerstone of treatment for most individuals with ADHD. The two main medication classes are stimulants and nonstimulants, which have key differences in their mechanisms, side effects, abuse potential and more. Finding the optimal medication requires comprehensive ADHD assessment, diagnosis, and specialized care from providers like Renewing Mindsets serving Philadelphia and the Main Line.
How Stimulants and Nonstimulants Work
Stimulant medications such as Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin, and Concerta are usually the first line treatment for ADHD. As the name suggests, these drugs stimulate the central nervous system by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine activity in the brain. This stimulation improves concentration, motivation, focus, and impulse control.
Nonstimulant medications like Strattera, Intuniv, and Wellbutrin work differently to regulate neurotransmitters indirectly through other mechanisms. While slower to take effect, nonstimulants offer a smoother treatment option with less potential for abuse and dependence.
Doctors weigh many factors when selecting ADHD medication, including the individualās symptoms, coexisting disorders, history, and risk of misuse. While stimulants are prescribed more often, nonstimulants play an important role, especially when stimulant side effects are intolerable or abuse risk is high.
Key Differences Between Stimulant and Nonstimulant Medications
Mechanism
Stimulants: Increase dopamine/norepinephrine
Nonstimulants: Regulate neurotransmitters indirectly
Onset and Duration
Stimulants: Rapid onset, short or long-acting
Nonstimulants: Slower onset, all-day coverage
Side Effects
Stimulants: Decreased appetite, insomnia, headaches
Nonstimulants: Fatigue, irritability, stomach upset
Abuse Potential
Stimulants: Higher risk of abuse/dependence
Nonstimulants: Lower risk of abuse
Approved Ages
Stimulants: Ages 3 and up
Nonstimulants: Ages 6 and up
Delivery Methods
Stimulants: Tablets, capsules, liquids, patches, powders
Nonstimulants: Capsules and tablets
Examples of Medications in Each Category
Stimulant Examples
Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Daytrana)
Amphetamine (Adderall, Vyvanse, Evekeo)
Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
Nonstimulant Examples
Atomoxetine (Strattera)
Clonidine (Kapvay)
Guanfacine (Intuniv)
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
The Role of Comprehensive ADHD Assessment
Thorough evaluation and diagnosis should come first when exploring ADHD treatment options like medication. At Renewing Mindsets, we provide comprehensive clinical assessment and testing for ADHD in children, teens, college students, and adults.
Our licensed mental health professionals obtain a detailed history and incorporate multiple rating scales backed by research to reach an accurate ADHD diagnosis. We screen for overlapping conditions like anxiety, depression, learning disabilities, and substance abuse that can mimic ADHD symptoms. Identifying co-occurring issues is vital for creating an optimal treatment plan.
The ADHD assessment includes:
Clinical interview on symptoms, history, functioning
Validated ADHD rating scales/questionnaires
Cognitive testing when warranted
Inventory of current life impairment
Physical exam and lab tests when needed
Through this rigorous process, we gain the information required to make appropriate ADHD treatment recommendations for each patient.
Beginning ADHD Medication Treatment
For those who decide medication is the right treatment option, our board-certified providers give a comprehensive initial consultation. This appointment covers:
Thorough review of evaluation findings and diagnosis
Psychoeducation about ADHD as a neurobiological disorder
Discussion of treatment choices including stimulant vs. nonstimulant medications
Collaborative decision-making around selecting a medication
Review of medication benefits, side effects, and risks
Written prescription for the chosen ADHD medication
Finding the optimal dosage is crucial when starting ADHD medication. Our team
closely monitor patients at the beginning to carefully adjust the dose for maximum benefit and minimal side effects. We also provide ongoing medication management long-term to evaluate effectiveness, support adherence, and modify treatment as required. Our medication services integrate psychotherapy, coaching, classes, and support groups for the best outcomes.
Why Early Intervention Matters
Treating ADHD early and consistently makes a profound difference across the lifespan. Identifying ADHD in elementary school prevents children from irreversibly falling behind academically and socially. Intervening in middle school or high school helps get students back on track to graduate and pursue higher education. Treating ADHD appropriately during the college years helps students overcome obstacles and successfully complete their degree.
For adults, effective ADHD treatment means being able to excel in careers, sustain healthy relationships, avoid substance misuse, and fully realize their potential. Ongoing medication and therapy provides the support and structure required to actively manage ADHD at each stage of life.
While not completely curable, ADHD is highly treatable with evidence-based care. Our compassionate providers help patients and families understand ADHD as a biological disorder and remove blame or stigma. We empower those we treat with the latest tools and strategies to live full lives with ADHD.
Why Choose Renewing Mindsets for ADHD Treatment?
Renewing Mindsets provides comprehensive ADHD care from initial assessment through ongoing medication management, counseling, and coaching. Our services include:
ADHD testing and diagnosis for all ages
Psychiatric services and medication management
Individual and family therapy
ADHD coaching and support groups
Cognitive testing and vocational counseling
Treatment for co-occurring mood/anxiety disorders
Our experienced medical team offers flexible appointment times, including evenings and weekends, both in-person and via telehealth.
If you suspect you or a loved one may have undiagnosed ADHD, contact Renewing Mindsets today to schedule a consultation. We create customized treatment plans to help every patient succeed and thrive with ADHD. Call (484) 948-5400 or book your appointment online now.